What's The 22 - This article looks at the differences between two similar but distinct .22 caliber rimfire rounds: .22LR and .22WMR.
Chances are, your first shot was with a rifle chambered for the .22 Long Rifle, or .22LR as it is commonly known. I am one of those people. My first photos were taken with a Marlin 60 on my uncle's farm. I soon joined my cousins and we roamed the mountains looking for targets (I mean gophers).
What's The 22
The .22 LR ammo is cheap to shoot and easily reloads in all but the smallest rifles. However, it's still strong enough to make a tin jump around or knock a squirrel over. While you may be familiar with the .22LR, you may not know that it has a larger sibling: the .22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire, also known as the .22WMR or 22 Magnum. All of these bullets are rim fire cartridges which makes them very different from center fire cartridges like 9mm or .223.
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First, a quick recap of the components that make up an ammo cycle. The round shell has four parts: the shell, which flies down; the flour, which makes it run; the case, which consists of the other three parts; and the origin, which is where the ignition process begins.
The origin is where the rimfire cartridge is separated from the centerfire cartridge. Centerfire cartridges have primer in the cap in the center of the cartridge. In rimfire cartridges, the rim of the cartridge is the trigger.
Although both .22LR and .22WMR are rimfire, they are not compatible. With few exceptions, a rifle loaded with .22LR will not fire .22WMR, and vice versa. Let's take a look at what makes each cartridge unique.
The .22LR's roots can be traced back to the oldest surviving steel cartridge: the .22 Short, first introduced in 1857. The .22 short cartridge is a bit...short. Therefore, the cartridge was lengthened to produce the .22 Long ammunition. In the late 1880s, the Union Metallic Cartridge Company replaced the .22 Long with a 40-grain cartridge, creating a longer cartridge. The .22 Long Rifle was born.
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Since then, the .22LR has become one of the most popular pistols in America, and for good reason. It's accurate enough for big competitions, and it's cheap enough for everyday training. It also has comprehensive protection. The .22LR may not have the punch of a 9mm revolver or the stop of a larger rifle. However, the medulla and left ventricle don't really care if they were hit by a 40 .22 or 230 .45 bullet. They will stop working in any way. In fact, .22LR is the closest thing to a "catch-all" cartridge. Why choose .22WMR?
The .22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire was developed in the 1950's to address some of the issues with the .22LR. It's longer than the .22LR and has more punch. The .22WMR was originally developed by (you guessed it) Winchester Ammunition to increase the velocity of the .22 rimfire cartridge and allow for a taller profile for better aerodynamics.
While the .22LR has traditionally been derived from rifle cartridges, the .22WMR was originally developed for rifle use and was later modified for use in rifles in the early 1960s. There are several revolvers chambered for the .22WMR (more on that later) and the Kel-Tec PMR-30 automatic rifle.
The .22LR and .22WMR bullets are both rimfire and fire bullets weighing about 40 grains. This is where the similarities end. As mentioned, most guns from one brand will not work in another. However, Ruger made a single-action rimfire revolver, the Convertible Single Six, which had interchangeable cylinders, one in .22LR and one in .22WMR.
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You might be tempted to shoot a .22LR with a rifle chambered for .22WMR. After all, the .22LR is shorter and lighter than the .22WMR, which means it technically fits in a .22WMR rifle. Resist this temptation. .22LR ammunition can indeed be chambered in rifles firing .22WMR. However, the .22LR fits comfortably in the chamber. The .22LR has a smaller case than the .22WMR case. This means it will fit the chamber, but if you try to fire a .22LR from a rifle that uses a .22WMR, the charge will spread into the chamber when fired to a point where it could be dangerous.
I had something similar happen to me in a teaching class many years ago. The student to my left picks up a piece of loose ammunition and inserts it into the 1911. Unfortunately, the cartridge he picked up was .40 S&W and his chamber (past tense) was .45ACP. When he pulled the trigger, there was a strange noise, and as the gun tried to spin, the cartridge exploded in the chamber and flew out of the ejection port, and I was rained down with bits and pieces of brass. The .40 S&W bullet he chambered in the .45 ACP 1911 destroyed his rifle. Bottom line: .22LR is not the same as .22WMR. Let's understand the differences in detail.
In the first test, we measured the velocity of two different .22LR and .22WMR rifles to compare their muzzle power. Second, we injected five particles from both groups into the gel to test their effects on muscle tissue. We use a Kel-Tec PMR-30 with a 4.3" barrel to test .22 WMR ammunition. We use a Smith & Wesson Victory with a 5.5" barrel to test .22LR ammunition.
To test the speed of each round, we put the Shooting Chrony Pro ten meters from the muzzle and run all tests.
Ppk/s 22 Nickel
CCI Max Mag 40 grain .22WMR TMJ Max Velocity: 1302 Min Velocity: 1193 Average Velocity: 1287 Average Muzzle Energy: 140 ft/lbs
To test the penetration of the .22LR vs. .22WMR, we placed a piece of 10% clear ballistic gel 10 feet from the line of fire. We placed four layers of heavy fabric in front of the gel and fired five shots each of the following weapons in the gel.
The .22WMR round has more penetration than the .22LR. The polymer tips on the V-Max bullets did not add to the bullet in any measurable way. However, the .22LR bullets all swell and break inside the gel.
.22WMR is much more powerful than .22LR. In some calibers, it is more than twice as powerful as the .22LR and more powerful on target. When the .22WMR hits the target, it has about three times the penetration of the .22LR.
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The .22LR is an excellent revolver that is still going strong today, over 125 years after its introduction. It's inexpensive and easy to shoot, making it a popular cartridge for bow hunting, target hunting, and rodent hunting. It will continue to be popular for many years to come.
The .22WMR, on the other hand, costs more per shot than the .22LR, but is more powerful. The .22WMR's high muzzle velocity and deep penetration put it on the fringes of defensive ammunition. However, there are far fewer options for firing .22WMR pistols than there are for firing .22LR pistols. The combination of high shooting cost and limited options on rifles makes .22WMR a niche cartridge, but as people see the benefits of low-cost, easy-to-shoot defensive cartridges like .22WMR, this niche ammo The barrel is growing every day.
Prior to joining the team, Kevin Creighton led sales efforts for various companies in the firearms space. Kevin has been a gun writer since 2006, writing factual articles about gun ownership in America for publications including American Hunter, Shooting Illustrated, BearingArms.com, Beretta.com, and Downrange TV. He is an active competitor for UPSSA, IDPA, and 3 Gun, and is a licensed NRA firearms instructor. Kevin has hundreds of hours of training from Bob Vogel, Craig Douglas, Rob Leatham, Massad Ayoob, and others. The Galaxy S22 Ultra is the best camera, performance and connectivity ever in a Galaxy phone, reimagining the mobile galaxy by combining the best features. Compatible with Note and S series
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